Oskar und die dame Rosa

Oscar et la dame de rose

Zusammenfassung | Resume
- Dans le livre Il s’agit du petit garçon Oskar qui vit dans L'hôpital parce qu'il souffre de la leucémie.
- Il a dix ans.                                                                                                                                                                                    - Il rencontre une vieille1 femme. Elle s'appelle Mamie Rose mais Oscar l'appelle Dame Rose. Elle visite des enfants dans L'hôpital.
- Petit à petit2 Dame Rose amélioré3 le reste de la vie d’Oscar.

Die Briefe | Les lettres

1. Der Erste Brief | Première lettre:

Oscar commence sa première lettre, où il parle de Mamie-Rose ; il la présente, parle de sa rencontre avec elle et des confidences4 qu’elle lui fait (son précédent5 métier était catcheuse). Elle suggère alors à Oscar d’écrire des lettres en s’adressant à Dieu, en lui demandant une faveur par6 jour.

2. Der Zweite Brief | Troisième lettre:

Dans sa deuxième lettre, Oscar parle de ses parents qui viennent lui visite tous7 les dimanches d’ordinaire. Mais il remarque que ses parents rencontrent et parlent avec Dr Düsseldorf. Dr Düsseldorf dit par mauvaise santé d'Oscar. Le petit garçon est très déprimés parce que ses parents ont peur de lui parler.

3. Der Dritte Brief | Deuxième lettre:

La période de l’adolescence; Oscar dit de l’autre des enfants en L'hôpital notamment8 Peggy Blue qui il est amoureux. Peggy Blue a un problème sanguin9 qui faire un bleu à la peau10 . Malheureusement l’affection n’est pas réponses et Popcorn, un autre patient, est jaloux. Et Oscar, il embrasse une autre jeune fille. Elle s’appelle Sandrine. Plus tard Dame Rose dit Oscar. Plus tard, Mamie-Rose encourage Oscar en lui confiant que Popcorn n’est qu’un bluffer. A la fin du lettre Oscar embrasse Peggy et il demande à Dieu s'il peut se marier elle.

4. Der Vierte Brief | Quatrième lettre:

Arrivée à l’âge de 30 ans ; Oscar se marie avec Peggy. Dans la nuit, ils dorment ensemble parce que Oscar veut protéger Peggy par des spectres. Mais c’est interdit, donc le personnel médical sont beaucoup énervé. Après, dame Rose et Oscar vont à la chapelle. Ils prient là.

5. Der Fünfte Brief | Cinquième lettre:

Peggy a un chirurgie réussie pour son problème sanguin. Oscar a 40 ans et il rencontre les parents de Peggy. Ils lui confiancent.

6. Der Sechste Brief | Sixième lettre:

Malheureusement un drame sentimental se joue, lorsque Popcorn apprend que Oscar et Sandrine se sont embrassés. Il s’en va rapporter la chose à Peggy, qui ne tient pas à écouter les explications d’Oscar. Essayant tant bien que mal de se défendre, elle décide de rompre avec lui. C’est alors qu’une patiente trisomique, Brigitte, rend visite à Oscar dans sa chambre, et l’embrasse. Pour Oscar, c’est un nouveau fait qui lui donne une réputation de cavaleur, malheureusement. Il ressent toujours autant d’amour pour Peggy, et Marie-Rose essaie tant bien que mal de lui redonner du courage. La fin de la journée arrive, en même temps que les 50 ans d’Oscar.

7. Der Siebte Brief | Septième lettre:

Arrivé au jour de Noël, Oscar parvient à faire la paix avec Peggy Blue. Toutefois il doit se résoudre à la laisser, ses parents étant venu fêter Noël avec lui. Mais cette idée ne lui plaît pas du tout, car s’imaginer de devoir passer la soirée avec des parents qui lui offriront une tonne de cadeaux lui donne envie de fuguer. Avec l’aide d’Einstein, Bacon et Popcorn, il parvient à se cacher dans la voiture de Mamie-Rose, et s’y endort. Arrivé chez elle, il sonne à sa porte au grand étonnement de Mamie-Rose. Elle le persuade d’informer ses parents, ce qu’il accepte de faire au téléphone. Puis Oscar et Mamie-Rose passent la soirée de Noël tous les deux, très joyeusement. Après avoir visionné la messe de minuit, ils se passent un match de catch qu’elle avait enregistré. Un peu plus tard, Oscar apprend et comprend que ses parents sont eux aussi destinés à mourir un jour. Une réalité qui l’aide à ressentir davantage de sentiments vis-à-vis d’eux.

8. Der 8, 9, 10 Brief | Lettres 8, 9 et 10:

Arrivée à l’âge de 80 ans ; c’est le temps de la réflexion pour Oscar, sur la vie, la mort, Dieu et la foi en Lui. Mamie-Rose l’aide dans cette étape, et Oscar se décide à prendre la dette du docteur Düsseldorf, qui se culpabilise de ne pas pouvoir le guérir. A la fin, Oscar vit un moment douloureux de séparation avec Peggy, qui rentre chez elle suite à sa guérison.

9. Der Elfte Brief | Onzième lettre:

A l’aube, Oscar reçoit la visite de Dieu, qui lui confie un secret : « regarde chaque jour le monde, comme si c’était la première fois ». Oscar comprend à ce moment la différence entre les hommes et Dieu ; il suit son conseil.

10. Der Zwölfte Brief | Douzième lettre:

Arrivé à 110 ans, Oscar a une conversation avec ses parents. Il leur explique que selon lui, la vie est un drôle de présent. Surestimée au départ puis sous-estimée à la fin, la trouvant trop courte. Au final, c’est seulement un prêt qu’il faut savourer et apprécier. Voici comment se termine la dernière lettre d’Oscar.

11. Der Dreizehnte Brief La treizième lettre

Celle-ci est rédigée par Mamie-Rose, qui écrit à Dieu à la place d’Oscar. Elle explique à Dieu qu’il est parti, à un moment où la famille et elle prenaient un café ensemble. Il s’en est allé afin de faire éviter à tous la violence de ce moment. Tout à la fin, elle écrit le mot déposé par Oscar sur sa table de chevet : « seul Dieu a le droit de me réveiller ». Ainsi se termine le livre d’Oscar et la Dame Rose.

0

Steinkohle

Kohle ist eines der wichtigsten Energieträger der Welt und ist laut der Internationalen Energieagentur (IEA) dabei Erdöl als den wichtigsten Energieträger der Menschheit bis zum nächsten Jahrzehnt einzuholen.

Der weltweite Konsum des fossilen Brennstoffs ist seit 2000 um etwa 70% auf 7700 Million Tonnen gestiegen. Steinkohle stillt somit ungefähr 30% des globalen Energiebedarfs. Um diesem enormen Kohleverbrauch ein Ende zu setzen sind große politische Veränderungen und technologische Innovationen nötig. Diese müssten jedoch größtenteils von der Volksrepublik China kommen. Jahrelang ist der Kohleverbrauch in dem Land mit einer Wachstumsrate von 6% gestiegen, was dazu führte, dass mittlerweile etwa zwei drittel der Energie durch die Verbrennung von Kohle gedeckt wird.

In Deutschland wird seit dem Atomausstieg mehr als 45% des Stroms aus Braun- und Steinkohle produziert.

Es gibt viele Gründe warum Kohle als Energieträger so begehrt ist, aber die drei größten sind folgendes:

1. Kohle ist billig: Die Brennstoffkosten liegen in Europa zwischen 3 und 3.5 Cent je Kilowattstunde. Elektrizität aus Erdgas lässt nur halb so viel CO2  entstehen, ist aber doppelt so teuer.

2. Kohle ist global verteilt: Viele Länder haben ihr eigenes Vorkommen und können ihr Eigenbedarf decken.
3. Kohle ist reichlich vorhanden: Die wirtschaftlich abbaubaren Reserven reichen nach jetzigem Stand weit über 100 Jahre.

0

New England

History/Geography/Economy/Literature/Sports and Tourism

• Found in the north eastern of the united states and is made up of six states: Connecticut (Hartford), Maine (Augusta), Massachusetts (Boston), New Hampshire (Concord), Rhode Island (Providence) , and Vermont (Montpelier)
• West: New York, south: Long Island Sound, north: Canadian Province of Quebec, east: Atlantic Ocean
• Largest city: Boston
• Population: 14,680,722 (2014)
• GDP (Gross domestic product): $900.8 billion (2013)

History

• Earliest known inhabitants were the Indian Americans speaking Eastern Algonquian languages
• Abenakis (a tribe) inhabited New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont, as well as parts of Quebec and western Maine
• The Penobscots (a tribe) lived along the Penobscot River in Maine
• Early 1600, French, Dutch, and English traders, exploring the New World, began to trade metal, glass, and cloth for beaver pelts
• April 10 1606 England (King James I) claimed Land in New England, 1620 Plymouth (an english joint stock company) settled in Massachusetts
• 1616 english explorer John Smith names the country New England. The Name was officially approved in 1620
• Massachusetts Puritans began to settle in Connecticut early 1633
• Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts for heresy, led a group south, and founded Providence in the area that became the state of Rhode Island in 1636
• At this time, Vermont was yet unsettled, and the territories of New Hampshire and Maine were claimed and governed by Massachusetts.
• Relationships between colonists and Native Americans alternated between peace and smaller fights, the bloodiest of which was the Pequot (a tribe) War in 1637
• King Philip's War: from June 1675 to April 1678 colonist (and their NA allies) fought against Native Americans due to an widespread uprising. It resulted in killings and massacres on both sides.
• Most settlers in New England were Farmers that have become self sufficient
• New England's economy started focusing on crafts and trade
• By 1686, King James II had become concerned about the increasingly independent ways of the colonies and their growing military power
• Dominion of New England: 1686, King James II had become concerned about the increasingly independent ways of the colonies, including their self-governing charters, their open flouting of the Navigation Acts, and their growing military power. He therefore established the Dominion of New England, an administrative union comprising all of the New England colonies
• By 1784, all of the states in the region had taken steps towards the abolition of slavery, with Vermont and Massachusetts introducing total abolition in 1777 and 1783

Short: New England is one of the most historic and culturally rich regions of the USA. The region was one of the earliest English settlements in the "New World" following the arrival of the Pilgrim Fathers, who set sail from England aboard the Mayflower in 1620 in search of religious freedom. By the late 18th century, the British colonies of New England were amongst the first to demonstrate ambitions of independence from the British Crown; one of the most notable demonstrations was the Boston Tea Party of 1773. The American Revolutionary war broke out shortly after in 1775 and the Declaration of Independence was signed and adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. In the 19th Century,New England also played a fundamental role in the movement to abolish slavery.

• A popular nickname for New England was “Yankeeland”
• 1791 Vermont was recognized as part of New England
• March 5th 1920 Maine (previously part of Massachusetts) was officially a free state
• New England's economic growth relied heavily on trade with the British Empire
• The Blackstone Valley, running through Massachusetts and Rhode Island, has been called the birthplace of America's industrial revolution
• In 1787, the first cotton mill in America, the Beverly Cotton Manufactory (largest cotton mill of that time), was founded in the North Shore seaport of Beverly, Massachusetts
• Slater Mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island is one of the later more developed cotton mills
• Towns such as Lawrence and Lowell in Massachusetts, Woonsocket in Rhode Island, and Lewiston in Maine became centers of the textile industry
• The rapid growth of textile manufacturing in New England between 1815 and 1860 caused a shortage of workers. Recruiters were hired by mill agents to bring young women and children from the countryside to work in the factories. Between 1830 and 1860, thousands of farm girls such as the famous Lowell Mill Girls moved from rural areas where there was no paid employment to work in the nearby mills. As the textile industry grew, immigration also grew. By the 1850s, immigrants, especially Irish and French Canadians, began working in the mills
• New England was, as a whole, the most industrialized part of the young United States; by 1850, it accounted for well over a quarter of all manufacturing value in the country
• During the same period, New England and areas settled by New Englanders were the center of the strongest abolitionist and antislavery movements in the United States
• Abolitionists who demanded immediate emancipation such as William Lloyd Garrison, John Greenleaf Whittier and Wendell Phillips had their base in the region. So too did anti-slavery politicians who wanted to limit the growth of slavery, such as John Quincy Adams, Charles Sumner, and John P. Hale.
• When the anti-slavery Republican Party was formed in the 1850s, all of New England became strongly Republican
• New England remained solidly Republican until Catholics began to mobilize behind the Democrats, especially in 1928, and up until the Republican party realigned its politics in a shift known as the Southern strategy, an abrupt pivot towards broad opposition to civil rights legislation and racial integration. This led to the end of "Yankee Republicanism" and began New England's relatively swift transition into a consistently Democratic stronghold
• The flow of immigrants continued at a steady pace from the 1840s until cut off by World War I
• Yankees left the farms, which never were highly productive; many headed west, while others became professionals and businessmen in the New England cities
• The Great Depression in the United States of the 1930s hit the region hard, with high unemployment in the industrial cities
• The region lost most of its factories starting with the loss of textiles starting in the 1930s and getting worse after 1960. The New England economy was radically transformed after World War II. The factory economy practically disappeared. The textile mills one by one went out of business from the 1920s to the 1970s. For example, the Crompton Company, after 178 years in business, went bankrupt in 1984, costing the jobs of 2,450 workers in five states. The major reasons were cheap imports, the strong dollar, declining exports, and a failure to diversify
• By the 21st century the region had become famous for its leadership roles in the fields of education, medicine and medical research, high-technology, finance, and tourism
• Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire remain among the ten wealthiest states in the United States

Geography

• The states of New England have a combined area of 186,458 km2 (bigger than Washington and England)
• Maine (39th-largest state)  makes up nearly one-half of the total area of New England
• The remaining states are among the smallest in the U.S.
• Long Winters, Short Summers
• New England's long rolling hills, mountains and jagged coastline are glacial landforms resulting from the retreat of ice sheets approximately 18,000 years ago, during the last glacial period
• The Appalachians extend northwards into New Hampshire as the White Mountains, and then into Maine and Canada.
• Mount Washington in New Hampshire is the highest peak in the Northeast,
• The coast of the region, extending from southwestern Connecticut to northeastern Maine, is dotted with lakes, hills, marshes and wetlands, and sandy beaches
• The longest river is the Connecticut River, which flows from northeastern New Hampshire for 655 km, emptying into Long Island Sound
• Lake Champlain, wedged between Vermont and New York, is the largest lake in the region

Economy

• Unique factors: is distant from the geographic center of the country, is a relatively small region and relatively densely populated
• It historically has been an important center of industrial manufacturing and a supplier of natural resource products, such as lobster, and codfish
• New England exports food products, ranging from fish to lobster, cranberries, Maine potatoes and Maple Syrup
• Half of the region's export consist of Computers and other electrical equipment
• The service industry is important (tourism, education, building and construction service)
• In the first half of the 20th century, the region underwent a long period of deindustrialization as companies moved to the Midwest
• In the mid-to-late 20th century, an increasing portion of the regional economy included high technology military defense industry, finance and insurance services, as well as education and health services
• Agriculture is limited by the area's rocky soil, cool climate, and small area
• Maine (9th) has very good aquaculture,and has plenty potato fields in its northeast part
• Vermont (15th) has good dairy products
• Connecticut (7th) and Massachusetts (11th)  are known for their tobacco.
• Cranberries are grown in Massachusetts and blueberries in Maine
• Three of the six New England states are among the country's highest consumers of nuclear power: Vermont (first, 73.7%), Connecticut (fourth, 48.9%), and New Hampshire (sixth, 46%)
• Every state in New England ranks in the ten most expensive states for electrical prices

Literature

• Has always been known for its Poets, Authors and Writers
• The literature of New England has had an enduring influence on American literature in general, with themes such as religion, race, social repression, and nature
• Boston (Massachusetts) was the center of the U.S. publishing industry, before being overtaken by New York in the middle of the nineteenth century
• Boston remains the home of publishers Houghton Mifflin and Pearson Education and was the longtime home of literary magazine The Atlantic Monthly
• Merriam-Webster is based in Springfield, Massachusetts.
• Yankee, a magazine for New Englanders, is based in Dublin, New Hampshire.
• Education was highly valued, for it was through education that one came to know God

Sports

• Basketball was invented by James Naismith (a Canadian) in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891.
• Volleyball was invented by William G. Morgan in Holyoke, Massachusetts, in 1895
• Walter Camp is developed modern American football in New Haven, Connecticut in the 1870s and 1880s
• New Hampshire Motor Speedway is an oval racetrack that has hosted several NASCAR and American Championship Car Racing races
• Lime Rock Park is a traditional road racing venue home of sports car races
• most big sport teams are based in Massachusetts (e.g. Boston Red Sox, the New England Patriots. short the pats)
• New England is famous for the rivalry between the Boston Red Sox and The New York Yankees
• Hartford (Connecticut) had a professional hockey team, the Hartford Whalers, from 1975 until they moved to North Carolina in 1997
• Bridgeport had a professional lacrosse team, the Bridgeport Barrage, until they moved to Philadelphia
• The Connecticut are a WNBA team
• Boston Blades: professional women's ice hockey team

0